What is the structure of DNA and why is it important?

DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is a molecule that carries the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning, and reproduction of all known living organisms. Its structure is a double helix formed by sugar and phosphate backbones with nucleotide bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine) pairing in specific ways. This structure is crucial as it allows DNA to replicate itself and regulate the synthesis of proteins essential for various cellular functions. Understanding the structure of DNA is fundamental in genetics, as it provides insights into inheritance, genetic variation, and evolutionary relationships.