Understanding the Difference between Groups and Periods in the Periodic Table

In the periodic table, groups represent the vertical columns, while periods refer to the horizontal rows. Each group contains elements with similar chemical properties, while elements in the same period have the same number of atomic orbitals. For instance, Group 1 elements are known for their reactivity, and elements in Period 3 have the third energy level. Understanding these distinctions is crucial for comprehending the periodic table's organization and the behavior of elements within it.