What is conditional probability and how is it calculated?

Conditional probability is the likelihood of an event occurring given that another event has already occurred. It is calculated using the formula:

[ P(A|B) = \frac{P(A \cap B)}{P(B)} ]

Where ( P(A|B) ) is the conditional probability of event A given event B, ( P(A \cap B) ) is the probability of both events A and B occurring, and ( P(B) ) is the probability of event B occurring.

In the context of Grade 10 Math in South Africa, understanding conditional probability is crucial for grasping more complex probability concepts and real-world applications.