What is a Rainbow and How is it Formed?

A rainbow is a beautiful optical phenomenon that occurs when sunlight is refracted, reflected, and dispersed by water droplets in the atmosphere. When light enters a water droplet, it is refracted, reflected off the inside surface of the droplet, and then refracted again as it exits the droplet. This process separates the light into its constituent colors, creating the iconic arc of colors that we see. The colors appear in the order of red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet (ROYGBIV)due to the varying wavelengths of light. This colorful display is a result of the physics of light and the unique properties of water droplets in the air.