Causes and Effects of Rural-Urban Migration in South Africa

Rural-urban migration in South Africa is primarily caused by limited job opportunities, lack of access to basic services, and lower living standards in rural areas. This migration has profound effects on both rural and urban areas. It leads to overcrowding, increased demand for infrastructure and social services in urban areas, and contributes to rural depopulation and decreased agricultural productivity. Additionally, it exacerbates urban unemployment and informal settlements, leading to social and economic challenges. Consequently, addressing the root causes of rural-urban migration is essential for sustainable development in South Africa.